Monday, November 12, 2007

How to write APA dissertation citations?

The APA Dissertation Citations are driven set of standards to follow while formatting your dissertation citations which is also known as the APA Format. It not only provide a complete manual on writing citations but also gives formatting procedures for writing headings, margins, use of bold and italics etc.

While writing a dissertation you have to gather data from lots of different resources and that data have to be valid and true. For proving your accuracy and getting a 10/10 on the data collection criteria you must cite your resources within the text of your dissertation or in the reference list at the end of your dissertation.

APA dissertation citations means, presenting your citations in an APA format. Normally we gather information from journal articles, books, websites and encyclopedias. An APA has developed sets of standards to be followed while citing these references.

In-Text APA Dissertation Citations:
While citing with in the text of your dissertation; use the surname of the author (omitting any suffixes such as Jr.) followed by the year of publication separated by a comma in parentheses: e.g.

In a recent study of reaction time (Rogers, 1994)


Reference List form of APA Dissertation Citations:

While writing the citations in the reference list you may follow these color codes;


  1. Author(s)
  2. Date
  3. Title of Book
  4. Title of Article
  5. Title of Periodical
  6. Volume
  7. Pages
  8. Place of Publication
  9. Publisher
  10. Other Information

Journal Article:
When citing an article, start with the author name then the date of publication in parentheses followed by title and the subtitle (if any) of the article and the volume # of the journal and lastly the page/s number: e.g.
Lacayo, R. (1991, April 22). Global warming: A new warning. Time, 137(16), 32.


Books:
Citing a book, follows similar rules as of an article, the author, date of publication, title and subtitle. For a book citation after the subtitle the edition followed by the place of publishing and the name of the publisher should also be mentioned.


Stehle, P. (1994). Order, chaos, order: The transition from classical to quantum physics. New York: Oxford University Press.

Encyclopedia or Dictionary:
Encyclopedias and dictionaries are books which are frequently updated and have information gathered from other resources. They may have an author or they are compiled an organization. They will also be cited in the same way as a book: e.g.

Schneider, I. (1989). Bandicoots. In Grzimek’s encyclopedia of mammals(Vol.1, pp. 300-304).
New York: McGraw-Hill.

Subatomic particles: quarks and antiquarks. (n.d.)*. Retrieved September 8, 2004, from Britannica Online.

*(n.d) no date; which means that the publication date for the article is not available but the date on which the article was retrieved from the source is mentioned.

Website:
Websites are major source providers for data for your dissertations and you have to cite them as well. Start with the author name (if given) followed by the date of publication, title, date of retrieval. But the web address or the link to the source will be mentioned under ‘other information’; e.g.

Bryant, P. (1999). Biodiversity and conservation. Retrieved October 4, 1999, from
http://darwin.bio.uci.edu/~sustain/bio65/Titlpage.htm



APA Dissertation Citations for the different types of resources follows a basic format but slightly differ on the basis of the types of resources. APA Dissertation Citations helps create uniformity between different dissertations and makes the dissertation easy to read and providing references in a more detailed manner.

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